Aldo Rossi A Poet and an Architect - Free Essay Example

Aldo Rossi ‘A poet who happens to be an architect’ (3 May 1931 -4 September 1997) Philosophy: â€Å"The primary sources of all architectural content are reflected in the use of primary forms, axial orientation and repetitive elements in the facades. † PERSONAL LIFE AND EDUCATIONAL PROFILE: †¢Born in Milan the 3rd of May 1931. †¢He moved with his family to Lake Como at 1940 †¢He attended a school run by the Padri Somaschi and subsequently the Alessandro Volta archbishop’s school in Lecco †¢First career choice was film, his interests translated to the field of architecture. Enrolled at the Faculty of Architecture at the Milan Polytechnic University at 1949 after the end of the war †¢Continued his studies in Prague and then in the Soviet Union, and took part in numerous cultural meetings at 1955. †¢Graduated architecture at 1959 †¢Joined the Milanese magazine Casabella-Continuita, serving as its editor from 1961 to 1964 PROFE SSIONAL PROFILE: His growing fame brought him positions as a professor in Zurich, Spain, and the United States. Namely Milans Politecnico, Zurichs ETH, New Yorks Cooper Union, and Venices Instituto Universitario di Architettura) †¢1955-1964-Worked with Ernesto Rogers on the leading Italian architecture magazine Casabella-Continuita †¢1956 He began work for Ignazio Gardella (1905-1999) and then for Marco Zanuso (1916) †¢1963 He became assistant to Ludovico Quaroni (1911-1987) at the School of Urban Studies in Arezzo and to Carlo Aymonino (1926) at the University Institute of Architecture in Venice(Iuav) †¢1965-A faculty member in the School of Architecture in Milan †¢1966-Published the book The Architecture of the City 1971 He began working with Gianni Braghieri †¢1975-Faculty member at University in Venice †¢1978 He began working with IAUS †¢1980 He began his work as an industrial designer which would lead him to work with major companies like Alessi, Molteni and Unifor †¢1981- Published A Scientific Autobiography STYLE: †¢Neo-Rationalism – also known as La Tendenza. It is a movement originating in Italy in the 1960s which rejected the functionalist and technological preoccupations of mainstream Modernism, advocating a rationalist approach to design based on an awareness of formal properties. Architecture of the City oFocuses on the importance of the city and it’s architecture, and is in part a protest against the pure functionalism of the Modern Movement. oFor Rossi the city is a repository of the history of man, and as such, he laments the lack of understanding by current architectural practices. oHe believes that relying on function alone to define architecture misses the true meaning of a city. o He argues that a city must be studied and valued as a manmade object constructed over time. That urban architecture is intrinsically connected with the overall city. Scientific Autobiography oThi s revealing memoir by Aldo Rossi (1937–1997) oone of the most visible and controversial figures ever on the international architecture scene, intermingles discussions of Rossis architectural projects—including the major literary and artistic influences on his work—with his personal history. oDrawn from notebooks Rossi kept beginning in 1971, these ruminations and reflections range from his obsession with theater to his concept of architecture as ritual. WORKS: †¢Gallaratese 2 Residential Complex, Milan, 1969-73 †¢San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena, 1971, 1978-84 Pavillon in Borgo Ticino, Borgo Ticino, 1973 †¢Teatro del Mondo, Venice, 1979-80 †¢Wohnanlage La Villette, Paris, 1986-91 †¢School of Architecture, University of Miami, Miami, 1986-93 †¢Hotel il Palazzo, Fukuoka, 1987-89 †¢Disney Office Complex in Disneyland, Orlando, 1991-94 †¢Quartier Schutzenstrasse, Berlin-Mitte, 1995-97 †¢Scholastic Building in New York TEATRO DEL MONDO The theatre, in which the architecture serves as a possible background, a setting, a building that can be calculated and transformed into the measurements and concrete materials of an often elusive feeling, has been one of my passions. Constructed for the 1979-80 Venice Biennale, embodies Rossis ideas about architecture but exceeds them in the imaginative solution he created, partly due to his infatuation with the theatre. †¢As Rossi reiterated throughout his career that architecture provides a stage for life, with public spaces acting as backdrops for lifes experiences. †¢With neither theatre nor architecture existing without an event, Rossi focuses on the unexpected occurrences, the ever-changing meanings of a place due to ever-changing events. †¢His theater is not a place solely to watch performances but also a place to be watched, a place to observe and to be observed. This is accomplished on two levels, by placing the theatre as an object in the water a nd, on the inside, by placing the stage in the centre of the seats. †¢As spectators become part of the backdrop for the theatrical event, the city of Venice is drawn inside through window openings in the upper balconies. †¢Uneasiness occurs as the people sitting in these areas are aware of the presence of boats and the visual rise and fall of the theatre on the water. AWARDS: †¢1970 – He won the competition for the chair of Building characteristics in Palermo †¢1981 – First prize in the international IBA competition for his project for n. 0 Friedrichsrasse in Berlin †¢1984 – First prize in the competition for the Carlo Felice Theatre in Genoa †¢1987 – First prize in the international competition for Villette south of Paris †¢1990 – He won the Pritzker Prize †¢1991 – He won the Aia Honor Award †¢1991 – He was awarded the City of Fukuoka prize for the best architecture with ‘Il Palazzoà ¢â‚¬â„¢ hotel complex †¢1992 – Winner of the ’1991 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture’ and of the architecture prize ‘Campione d’Italia nel mondo’ September 4, 1997 – Aldo Rossi died in Milan following a road accident

Essay on Rites of Passage - 1580 Words

Rites of Passage Although there are many different types of rites of passage they differ in many ways, some much more extreme than the others. There are so many different cultures that have a ton of different ways of expressing rites of passage. The three different cultures that will be discussed are the United States of America, Malaysian, and Balinese adolescents. Some of the things that will be discussed are the different forms of rites of passage, the different ages that they take place at, and how they affect all the different societies. The best definition of a rite of passage is a ritual event that marks a person’s transition from one status to another. This can be in many different forms, some being a lot†¦show more content†¦Although it is all meant to be fun and games sometimes they are taken too far and really need to be thought out better so that crazy things like that do not happen any longer. (Chicago tribune) The more normal rites of passage that occur in the United States are much less extreme such as Sweet Sixteen parties, marriages, and funerals. They all have a very different meaning at each point in someone’s life. Sweet Sixteen parties usually symbolize somebody becoming an adult although most of the time nowadays people really aren’t considered an adult until they’re at least 18 and in most cases even older than that. Marriage is sort of your next stage in life when you and another person join together and start a family and hopefully have great lives toge ther. Then there is a funeral which is a much less enjoyed time in everyone’s lives when you put a loved one to rest. For a lot of people their loved ones will go to Heaven but that changes with every individual on what they believe in if they even believe in an afterlife at all. There are quite a few important rites of passage in the Malay society starting with the birth of the baby. After the birth the baby and the mother are put in a confinement period of forty four days in their homes. There are also two other common ceremonies that they practice during the infant years niak buaian, which is a ceremony to introduce the baby to their cradle and potong jambul which is an event when the child’sShow MoreRelated Rites of Passage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesRites of Passage Every day someone enters into a rite of passage whether it be by starting school, a new job, marriage, a confirmation or communion rites of passage are common place. Two totally different cultures have totally different rituals and rites of passage. The Apache would most definitely have incredibly unique rituals compared to rural Maine and the catholic cultures therein. The best way to see the differences is to compare the two different cultures. Each ritual occurs in a holyRead MoreValuables Traditions: Rites of passage 624 Words   |  2 Pagescultures have rites of passage that evolve over time, and these have become harmful to their culture and society. After establishing the difference between helpful and harmful rites of passage, it will be easy to see why they need to be changed. Once these factors have been analyzed, it will be obvious that rites of passage are culturally important, but those that have crossed the line of appropriateness should be modified to restore the benefits of these valuable traditions. Rites of passage that inspireRead MoreRites Of Passage Of The Native Societies2492 Words   |  10 PagesCultures from countries of all around the world understood the importance of the transitional mark of adolescence to manhood. Rites of passage in some cultures are significant in which males are recognized as men after undergoing certain procedures and are conveyed differently; thus it helps them identify who they are in their family and their positions in their societies, as well as what the corresponding responsibilities are. Throughout the human history, there have been a diversity of male initiationRead MoreWomen s Rites Of Passage1791 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Every culture in the world has rites of passage. Whether it be death and dying, birth or a transition from puberty to adulthood, every culture has certain rituals they use to christen these changes in social status within a society. A rite of passage is symbolic in how important a change is in the lives of the people who experience them. Status changes such as these are very important in the eyes of their culture and the ceremonies they produce help them retain stability while theirRead MoreRites Of Passage, Right Or Wrong1720 Words   |  7 PagesRites of Passage, â€Å"Right or Wrong†? Throughout history the term â€Å"rights of passage† has been used to describe the transition of a person into a new stage of their lives. Rites of passage are relevant in every day life all over the world. Most prominently though, Africa has a large population of people whose groups still practice traditional rites of passage to mark special life achievements. Basically, anything meaningful that happens within their tribe such as the birth of a child, the entranceRead MoreRites of Passage: The Journey to Adulthood1126 Words   |  5 PagesRites of Passage: The Journey to Adulthood The dictionary defines rites of passage as ceremonies that mark important transitional periods in a person’s life. It usually involves rituals and teachings that help shed their old roles and prepares them for their new roles. Although all boys and girls will go through a rite of passage to be considered an adult, the path they will take will differ greatly. The common point I have found them all to have is the age range at which this usually occursRead MoreThe Rites of Passage and Liminality Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rites of Passage and Liminality Originally developed by anthropologist Arnold van Gennep in the early 20th century in his book Rites de Passage, the term liminality refers to the concept in which participants are in the threshold stage of disorientation and suspension from the previous social norm that they were used to. When an individual goes through a rite of passage—also coined by van Gennep—he is cut off from his â€Å"old life† and is born again into a new person. However, before he can fullyRead MoreThe Sunrise Dance : A Rite Of Passage834 Words   |  4 PagesMai Quach Professor Dalia Sirkin English 1B 16 November 2016 Research paper: The Sunrise Dance A rite of passage is a ritual, a ceremony, or set of rituals. People from around the world celebrate birth ceremonies, puberty ceremonies, marriage ceremonies, or death ceremonies, as part of their culture. These ceremonies mark the transition of people’s lives when they move from one stage to another. In Apache tradition, when a girl has her first menstruation, her parents and her relatives prepare forRead MoreRites Of Passage, By Arnold Van Gennep1547 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Rites of passage are rituals or events which are universally conducted for a variety of cultural, religious and social reasons. Grounded in everyday life, ritual is symbolic and emotional providing a transition of knowledge, behaviour and status, as Audrey Richards’s wrote, ’the use of symbols in ritual secures some kind of emotional compromise which satisfies the majority of individuals who compose a society and which supports its major institutions’ . These rites of passage, rituals orRead MoreThe Importance of Rites of Passage to a Humanist, Questions and Answers1257 Words   |  5 PagesRites of Passage are only important for the Religious Believer Discuss. Show that you have considered both sides of the argument Rites of passage in any religion symbolize that the person going through the rite is coming closer to the God/Deities of that religion. However, I believe that even if you are a non-religious individual, you can still participate in a rite of passage not only into a religious group, but also social groups and tribal societies. The Importance of Rites of Passage

Significance of Public Health -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Australian Public health Surveillance System. Answer: Notification and Surveillance Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a rare but serious disease, distinguished by acute renal damage in young children and grownups (1). Mostly, this clinical syndrome, being a systemic thrombotic microangiopathy can affect the life expectancy of the patients, due to the diverse etiologies (2). In Australia, HUS is a notifiable infectious disease, as per the Public Health Act 1997 (3), making it obligatory for the health professionals to comply with the prevailing enforceable Code of Practice 2006 (4). This essay is an attempt to investigate why the HUS is notifiable, and how this is achieved through the Australian surveillance system. An overview of the Australian Public health surveillance system The Australian public health surveillance is a continuous, systematic compilation and analysis, as well as interpretation and dissemination of crucial data, relating to a specific health oriented event for reducing its morbidity and mortality. It is presumed that the availability of such data will enhance the health of the Australians through public health initiatives and program planning, as well as their assessment. It can steer a sudden action for incidents that have public health importance, and measure the amount of disease burden and health concerns. The surveillance data could be used for monitoring disease status, program evaluation, public policy development, and many more, while perceiving systemic changes in implementing health practices. They will also become helpful in prioritizing the health resource allocation and the epidemiologic research-promotion (5). Process and methods of the surveillance system Australia is a federation of six states and two territories, namely, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, the Australian Capital and the Northern province. The State and the territorial health departments collect notifications of communicable diseases, according to their corresponding public health legislations. The National Health Security Act 2007 provides them the authority for exchanging health information between them and the Government. It is under the purview of this Act that the National Notifiable Diseases List has been established, to look after the operational arrangements, such as the formation and development of the existing surveillance and reporting systems. In 2014, in lieu of this Agreement, the states and territories renewed notification data, relating to 65 communicable diseases for listing under the national communicable disease surveillance (3). In the Australian surveillance system, the legislators and the public health officials are entitled to implement the health surveillance activities throughout the country, for meeting the public needs. The surveillance systems adopted for these actions range from the collection of data belonging to a single case, to multiple data formats and surveys, through the electronic systems. These systems will have the likelihood of expansion, keeping the patient safety, confidentiality, and the system security at optimum level (5). The health surveillance is not limited to a biological monitoring, as it is a prolonged process, consisting of gathering information about an individuals occupational history, physical examination and testing for biological monitoring (6). Methods The National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) requires (i) unique record-reference number (ii) name of the notifying state or territory (iii) the disease-code (iv) status of confirmation, and (v) the date of notification by the concerned health department. Other types of data needed are: (i) personal details, like birth date, age, sex, indigenous status, and many more, including disease commencement date, specimen collection date, reference number of the outbreak, etc. The quality of the data and surveillance will be monitored and updated periodically by the Health Protection and the National Surveillance Committee (NSC). All information about the communicable disease surveillance is exchanged through different channels, like the tele-conferences of the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA). In addition, the journal of Communicable Diseases Intelligence (CDI) publishes current surveillance data, annual reports, and articles about the communicable diseases in A ustralia (3). Components and attributes of an effective Surveillance system The surveillance system components: The Australian system of public health surveillance focuses on the communicable diseases and other health conditions, such as injuries, environmental hazards, occupational health and safety, birth defects, drug addictions, severe diseases, mental health, and other health behaviors. The players in the system are public health agencies, voluntary health care organizations, and hospitals, and also the non-government organizations. All surveillance systems collect, review, and evaluate, as well as transform the data collected for public health accomplishment (15). The public health system attributes: A public health surveillance scheme monitors the acute health-related events, by identifying and reducing the risks due to them. It is constructive, if it helps in alleviating the problems associated with the health-related event, from its first insignificant condition to its ongoing significance. The surveillance system data supply several performance measures for the needs assessments and system accountability. Therefore, a representative surveillance system needs to be identified as uncomplicated, flexible, tolerable, and steady, for promoting a public health action. Such a surveillance system has the following attributes: Simplicity- provides the structure and ease of operation in meeting the objectives. Flexibility- displays adaptive nature to changing information requirements with minimal time, personnel, and funds. It is viable for new health events and any other system variation. Data quality- reflects the reliability and the fullness of the system data. Acceptability ensures the participation of persons and institutions in the surveillance through their consents Sensitivity- denotes the level of the reported health related event and the systems capability to detect the outbreaks. Predictive Value Positive- provides the reported proportion of the cases placed under surveillance. Representativeness- describes the rate of recurrence of a health related event and its distribution, according to population, place, and individual. Timeliness suggest the speed in fulfilling the procedural steps in the surveillance system. tability- assures the reliability and availability of the system for surveillance Australian surveillance system and HUS Australian cases of Haemolytic uraemic syndrome are characterized by severe renal impairment, associated with STEC infection. In 2014, there were 20 notified cases of HUS, whereas in 2013, the number of HUS cases reported was only 15. Out of this, about 55% of notifications belonged to the states of New South Wales and Victoria. It was found that in 2014, 45% of the 04 years age group has been the most frequently notified, while half of the cases were in males (3). Summary Protocol The HUS is a microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, with fragmented red blood cells, leading to thrombocytopenia and severe renal impairment. Out of the two separate clinical sub-groups, the first group shows a prodrome of diarrhea in the summer, whereas the second group lacks diarrheal prodrome, without any seasonal variation. The patients of the latter group may have a family history of HUS, caused by infection, like Streptococcus pneumonia, which can become worse. The studies conducted by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) prove that O157:H7 is rare in Australia and that the common one is O111:H. There were no previous national HUS outbreak figures and the incidence of HUS (7). According to the APSU, there were a minimum of 0.58/100,000 incidences of children below 15 years and 1.27 incidences of children below 5 years (7). Considering the etiologic and pathogenic variations in the classifications of hemolytic uremic syndrome, clinical studies have established that the gene mutation that encodes the complement-regulatory proteins are responsible for all types of thrombotic microangiopathy (9). It is also found that the Shiga-toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) O157:H7 is a newly emerged zoonotic pathogen, having severe morbidity (10). In this connection, Vally et al., 2012, reports that the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of gastroenteritis in Australia and worldwide and can also result in serious sequelae, such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) (8). Majowicz et al., 2014 also hold the same view. They argue that the Shiga toxinproducingEscherichia coli(STEC) are the main reason for the foodborne diseases, resulting in the frequent incidences of HUS and end-stage renal disease (11). The surveillance statistics overview On examining the data available from the national and state notifications, serotypes, mortality, hospitalizations, and the outbreaks, the annual rate of notified STEC illness found in Australia was 0.4 cases per 100,000 each year for the period from 2000 to 2010 (8). During this period, out of the total 822 STEC infection cases notified in Australia, there was only a single notification in the Australian Capital Territory, while South Australia had 413 notifications, where the surveillance for STEC infection was intense. The notification rate in the whole Australia was 0.12 cases per 100,000 each year, for STEC O157 infections, in the 9 year period, with 11 outbreaks, due to STEC. The surveillance statistics show that the STEC infections and HUS cases displayed a seasonal distribution, with most cases occurred between December and February. When compared to other developed countries, the disease incidence and its burden, due to STEC and HUS, were low in Australia (8). Merits of the public health surveillance on HUS The above facts unequivocally confirm that the HUS surveillance is a way to monitor the trends in STEC O157 infections. The surveillance is necessary to assess the strains of STEC leading to severe illness, and is helpful in evaluating the medical care improvements to control the frequency of HUS in children, having STEC. With the introduction of a consistent marker of STEC incidence, the HUS surveillance could become effective in determining the disease prevention measures. However, the HUS surveillance lacks singular diagnostic test and therefore needs more data to validate every reported incidence of HUS. This improvement is essential to reduce the post-diarrheal HUS incidences among the children, belonging to the age group below 5 years. That was why the HUS was accorded a place in the Healthy People 2010 goal (10). Evaluation As per Elliott et al., 2001, the evaluation of the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, which is a functional part part of the Public Health Surveillance System of Australia, has proved that the clinicians perceived surveillance methods as simple and useful. The case sensitivity assessment was acceptable and the predictive value of notification was above 70%. The professional support of the pediatric system and the streamlined reporting scheme, the clinician workload, and the clinical practice paved the way for a higher level of compliance. The educational impact was evolved through the dissemination of information, such as newsletters, periodical reports, presentations, publication, etc. The monitoring of the association between hemolytic uremic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli, were effectively conducted by the other units (12). Though the APSU is capable of monitoring the disease incidence trend management, there is considerable delay in case identification. By giving proper background information on haemolytic uraemic syndrome cases nationally, the surveillance system could investigate an outbreak in South Australia, immediately after the condition was listed on the monthly card. The HUS data have enhanced the disease control and prevention strategies, such as changing the code for the fermented meat production, forwarding haemolytic uraemic syndrome notifications to the state public health departments, and educating the public about food storage and preparation. Since a surveillance systems success is solely based on its capability to meet specific requirements, the CDC has changed its approach, by adopting stringent measures in evaluating the surveillance systems. Despite these changes, the appropriateness in evaluating the surveillance unit was not at all effective (13). The reason for the above situation was the presence of two fundamental problems in the system. The first one was the inconsistency in the reported rates of incidence of infections and the rate of actual incidents. The second issue was the inability to detect the trends in the non-O157 STEC infections, as they cannot be detected through routine plating stool specimens. It is because, the passive surveillance for HUS will not have the microbial diagnostic element, which is salient to an active surveillance system. Apart from these distinct problems, the authentic surveillance data are essential for preventing HSU infections, and therefore the national HUS surveillance system will need to gather and disseminate information for assessing the emerging new vehicles of STEC transmission (14). Significance of public health surveillance In order to put an epidemic under surveillance, it is essential to monitor the less frequent incidence of outbreaks that affect a very small portion of the population, when such events occur for a specific period and place. Sometimes, the diseases that are unimportant, due to the effective control measures, may require re-assessment because of their capability to emerge again. That means the public health importance of a health oriented incidence is determined by the method adopted for its prevention. Their components include: Indices of frequency and severity Health-related event disparities Expenditure for controlling the outbreak Methods of prevention Clinical action procedures Public apprehension The system could work only if there is a clear and authentic explanation for the health-related event that is placed under surveillance. Such details include symptoms, laboratory results, epidemiology, and other specific information. The evaluation must relate how the public health surveillance system is integrated with all other systems of surveillance and health information. It addresses comorbidity and risk factors, and possible outcomes from the health related event. The components of the surveillance system include all matters that relate to public health information, concerns, hardware, software, interface, and ethical standards (5). Reasons for notification of HUS Public Health Surveillance of communicable disease is a public health priority at the global level for preventing the spread of infectious diseases (18). The criteria for determining a disease as notifiable in Australia are: collection viability, priority, immediate intervention facility, outbreak potential, fatality rate, societal and international concerns, program evaluation, and importance to indigenous health. HUS is a notifiable condition regardless of cause and the infectious aetiology, due to Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli or other infectious agents can result in HUS (16), while Streptococcus pneumoniae can become more severe with a higher mortality and morbidity. Around 40to 60% of children, having HUS needed dialysis, and 3to 5% of them die eventually (17). Conclusion The public health surveillance in Australia collects, analyses, interprets, and disseminates data relating to several infectious diseases that are harmful to public health. The availability of such data enhances the health of the Australians and helps prevent and eradicate communicable diseases, like Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The HUS is an acute disease, causing renal damage in children and grownups, and is a notifiable infectious disease, as per the Public Health Act 1997. The need for placing such diseases under surveillance is essential to monitor the incidence of outbreaks and their eradication. However, the surveillance of a contagious disease will become successful only if it meets the system requirements. Though the Australian public health surveillance system is efficient enough to control any disease outbreaks, it still has some weaknesses, despite the unvarying efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Reference List Parmar, MS. Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Medscape. Sep 19, 2016. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/201181- overview?pa=FH%2BDw457mWR59DCVkbrWOkvwT3%2BxRKOC8pLhM jr1RYSy9Y4J%2FELVhZLVp2x1UlIDHYMZVYdiSjSzyKr67NszRyRhZLc6 xjdjmi9FlNdSZuc%3D [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Rivas, M, Chinen, I, Miliwebsky, E, Masana, M, et al. Chapter 18: Risk Factors for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli-Associated Human Diseases. American Society of Microbiology. 2015. DOI:10.1128/9781555818791 Available from: https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555818791.chap18. [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Australias notifiable disease status, 2014. Annual report. NNDSS Annual Report Working Group. Department of Health. 2016, CDI Vol 40 No 1. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-pubs- annlrpt-nndssar.htm [Accessed 27 August 2017]. ACT Health. Reporting of Notifiable Conditions Code of Practice 2006. Publication No 06/0560 (1500). 2015. Available from: https://www.health.act.gov.au/datapublications/codes-practice/reporting- notifiable-conditions-code-practice-2006-0 [Accessed 27 August 2017]. German et al. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 50; 1-35. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5013a1.htm [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Guidelines for health surveillance. NOHSC:7039. Safe Work Australia, 1995. Available from: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/guidelines-health- surveillance-nohsc-7039-1995 [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Protocol-Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. (n.d.). Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Available from: www.apsu.org.au/assets/past- studies/husprotocol.pdf. [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Vally, H, Hall, G, Dyda, A, Raupach, J, Knope, K, Combs, B, Desmarchelier, P, et al.. Epidemiology of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in Australia, 2000-2010. BMC public health (January 2012). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-63. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221765579_Epidemiology_of_Shiga _toxin_producing_Escherichia_coli_in_Australia_2000-2010.[Accessed 27 August 2017]. Salvadori, M, Bertoni, E. Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.World Journal of Nephrology,2013; 2(3), 5676. https://doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v2.i3.56 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832913/[Accessed 27 August 2017]. Ong, K L, Apostal, M, Comstock, N, Hurd, S, Webb, T. H, Mickelson, S, Gould, LH, et al. Strategies for Surveillance of Pediatric Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 20002007.Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,2012; 54(Suppl 5), S424S431. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis208 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348948/[Accessed 27 August 2017]. Shannon, ME, Elaine, S, Andria, JB, Jan, MS, Jackie, S, Frederick, AJ, Yeung Derrick H, Martyn, KD, et al. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. June 2014; 11(6): 447-455. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2013.1704 [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Elliott, EJ, Nicoll, A, Lynn, R, Marchessault, V, Hirasing, R, on behalf of the secretariat and members of the International Network of Paediatric Surveillance Units, et. al. G. Rare disease surveillance: An international perspective.Paediatrics Child Health,2001; 6(5), 251260. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804555/ [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Gazarian, M, Williams, K, Elliott, E, Chant, K, Longbottom, H, Mellis, C, Nolan, T, Oates, RK, Ruben, A, et al. Evaluation of a national surveillance unit Arch Dis Child 1999;80:2127. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12972448_Evaluation_of_a_national surveillance_unit [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Mahon, BE, Griffin, PM, Mead, PS, Tauxe, RV. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Surveillance to Monitor Trends in Infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli.Emerging Infectious Diseases,1997; 3(3), 409-412. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0303.970329. Available from: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/3/3/97-0329_article [Accessed 27 August 2017]. World Health Organization. (n.d.). The Elements of Effective Surveillance. Available from: https://cursos.campusvirtualsp.org/mod/tab/view.php?id=23163 [Accessed 27 August 2017]. NSW Government.. Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) fact sheet, July 1,2012. Available from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/haemolytic_uraemic syndrome.aspx [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Queensland Health Guidelines for Public Health Units. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), 2014. Available from:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/hus [Accessed 27 August 2017]. Janati, A, Hosseiny, M, Gouya, MM, Moradi, G, Ghaderi, E, et al. Communicable Disease Reporting Systems in the World: A Systematic Review Article.Iranian Journal of Public Health,2015; 44(11), 14531465. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703224/ [Accessed 27 August 2017].